![]() The means the anti-mass is attracted to the mass. Where it turns out the sign of m’ is irrelevant to the acceleration of m’. Let us consider the motion of the anti-mass m’ a = -Gm/r^2, I just use Newton’s second law of motion F = ma and consider the force as Newtonian gravity F = -Gmm’/r^2. There is a germ of something here though. I looked at the paper and will try to read this to see what is wrong. In Villata’s words, “There is more than one possible answer, which will be investigated elsewhere.” The research appears in this month’s edition of Europhysics Letters. Of course, the reason astronomers don’t actually observe any antimatter in the voids is still up in the air. These voids are believed to have stemmed from tiny negative fluctuations in the primordial density field and do seem to possess a kind of antigravity, repelling all matter away from them. What about the fact that matter and antimatter are known to annihilate each other? Villata resolved this paradox by placing antimatter far away from matter, in the enormous voids between galaxy clusters. On a much larger scale, Villata claims that the universe is expanding because of this powerful repulsion between matter and antimatter. In other words, if general relativity is, in fact, CPT invariant, antigravity would cause particles and antiparticles to mutually repel. Instead, the anti-apple will fly away from Earth because of gravity’s change in sign. If an anti-apple falls on an anti-Earth, the two will attract and the anti-apple will hit anti-Newton on the head however, an anti-apple cannot “fall” on regular old Earth, which is made of regular old matter. ![]() Villata cited the quaint example of an apple falling on Isaac Newton’s head. When you reverse the equations of general relativity in charge, parity and time for either the particle or the field the particle is traveling in, the result is a change of sign in the gravity term, making it negative instead of positive and implying so-called antigravity between the two. This means that the laws governing an ordinary matter particle in an ordinary field in spacetime can be applied equally well to scenarios in which charge (electric charge and internal quantum numbers), parity (spatial coordinates) and time are reversed, as they are for antimatter. To resolve this question, Villata needed to institute the second assumption – that general relativity is CPT invariant. But what kind of force occurs between particles and antiparticles? So under the influence of gravity, particles attract other particles and antiparticles attract other antiparticles. Under Villata’s assumption, this applies to antiparticles as well. A positive mass value indicates that the particle will attract other particles gravitationally. Traditionally, the gravitational influence of a particle is determined solely by its mass. ![]() First, he posited that both matter and antimatter have positive mass and energy density. Massimo Villata, a scientist from the Observatory of Turin in Italy, began the study with two major assumptions. According to this study, matter and antimatter gravitationally repel each other and create a kind of “antigravity” that could do away with the need for dark energy in the universe. Now, a new study reveals an alternative theory: that the expansion of the universe is actually due to the relationship between matter and antimatter. According to the currently accepted model, this accelerated expansion is due to dark energy, a mysterious repulsive force that makes up about 73% of the energy density of the universe. Since the late 20th century, astronomers have been aware of data that suggest the universe is not only expanding, but expanding at an accelerating rate.
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